- Latin name: Molnupiravir
- ATX code: J05AX
- Chemical formula: C13H19N3O7
- CAS Code: 2349386-89-4
Chemical name: ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(4-(hydroxyimino)-2-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl isobutyrate
Chemical properties
The chemical composition of the prodrug based on the synthetic nucleoside derivative of N4-hydroxycytidine - EIDD-1931. Molnupiravir was developed by the American pharmaceutical corporation Merck in conjunction with Ridgeback Biotherapeutics. The substance was first synthesized in 2018 at Emory University. The first studies in this direction began in 2014 against the Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. Further, it was found that when converted into a prodrug of EIDD-2801 (molnupiravir), it shows high activity against other types of RNA viruses, including influenza, Ebola, and various coronaviruses.
Pharmachologic effect: Antiviral, shows high activity against the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
The task of drugs based on molnupiravir is to disrupt the process of replication of the genetic code of the coronavirus, to prevent its reproduction and spread throughout the human body. The active substance destroys one of the enzymes that the virus uses to reproduce itself.
The tool propagates mutations during viral RNA replication using RNA-directed RNA polymerase. After penetration into the body, the prodrug is metabolized to a ribonucleoside analogue similar to cytidine - β-D-N 4-hydroxycytidine 5'-triphosphate or 5'-triphosphate EIDD-1931, aka NHC-TP. NHC-TP is inserted into the newly created viral RNA, replacing the real cytidine. Studies have shown that the drug is able to switch between the two tautomers. One mimics cytidine (C) and the other mimics uridine (U).
Thus, NHC-TP is not recognized by the virus-checking enzymes (exonucleases) as a mistake. In the process of copying the viral RNA containing molnupiravir, the viral RNA is sometimes recognized as U and sometimes as C. This leads to even more mutations, to the death of the virus. Scientists call this effect the catastrophe of a viral error.
As of October 1, 2021, the benefit of the drug for patients has been proven according to the Merck study (an independent advisory board). There was a 48% reduction in the risk of hospitalization or death in patients. Among patients from the control group, only one patient died, among patients taking placebo - 9 people.
Indications for use: Molnupiravir tablets are used to treat the novel coronavirus COVID-19.
Contraindications
The antiviral drug so far has a small list of contraindications: allergic reactions to the substance, a history of severe allergic reactions.
Side effects
Molnupiravir is currently in active clinical trials. According to an interim study conducted on patients with mild to moderate covid, the most common adverse reactions are diarrhea, nausea, dizziness and headaches, allergic skin reactions, and urticaria.
Molnupiravir, instructions for use (Method and dosage)
The drug is prescribed to adult patients for oral administration. Capsules can be taken regardless of the diet.
The recommended daily dose is 0.8 g, which is 4 capsules every 12 hours. The duration of treatment is about 5 days. Carrying out therapy for more than the specified period is undesirable, the safety of the remedy has not been established. It is recommended to start taking the medicine Molnupiravir at the first signs of the disease.
Interaction
At the moment, no drug interactions have been identified. It is known that the substance is metabolized even before it enters the systemic circulation. Its metabolites are not substrates for various enzymes, do not induce or inhibit metabolic enzymes.
Terms of sale
You can buy Molnupiravir in USA, UK, Australia, Japan, South Korea, European countries, Canada online without prescription cheap overnight shipping.
special instructions
In 2020, the head of the US Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Administration (BARDA) raised concerns about the substance Molnupiravir and its safety. He referred to similar drugs that were found to have mutagenic properties leading to birth defects. But the fears were not justified. Regulatory authorities in the United Kingdom and the United States provided data that allowed further studies on the safety of the drug in humans. At the moment, mutagenic properties of the drug have not been identified.
The manufacturer of Molnupiravir does not indicate the degree of safety of the drug in children, pregnant and lactating women. Coronavirus medication is not recommended for these patient groups.
Molnupiravir's analogs
- Paxlovid
- Lagevrio
- Vekluri
- Remdeform
- Areplivir
- Coronavirus
- Avifavir
- Triazavirin
- Arpeflu
- Yodantipyrine
- Flavozid
- Amizon
- Altabor
- Lavomax
- Hyporamine
- Anaferon for children
- Amiksin
- Arbidol
- Ferrovir
Molnupiravir reviews
According to reviews, this is the world's first drug specifically designed against coronavirus. The main advantage of the remedy is that it can be taken orally.
MHRA (British Medicines Regulatory Agency) recommends prescribing the drug for patients with mild to moderate severity of the disease, overweight, diabetes, heart disease, elderly patients.
Molnupiravir price
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